Whittaker 1969 proposed a five kingdom classification. Pdf an approach for using a common lichen inventory in middle school science to investigate local air quality. Unlike mosses and flowering plants, lichens do not have green leaves or a stem. For each type of symbiotic relationship, complete the chart with details about how each organism is impacted using the terms benefits, harmed, or no. Branched and shrublike, attached to the bark at the base. The photosynthetic organisms provide nutrients for themselves and the fungus, while the fungus provides protection, water. They play an important role in our natural ecosystems and can let us know when those ecosystems are in trouble. Worksheet i modified from one i found somewhere on the internet. Lichens and mycorrhizae are both examples of what kind of symbiotic relationship. Performance assessment in the biology classroom alternate assessment in the science classroom computer test bank bdol interactive cdrom, chapter 17 quiz. Plant biology, southern illinois university, carbondale, il 629016509 comparison of moss and liverwort characteristics leafy liverworts. By todd whitesel in one lichenstwo lives t hey can change the color of a forest or a lakeshore. Both activities are suitable for life science or biology students in grades 7 12. A lichen looks like a single organism, but it is actually a symbiotic relationship between different organisms.
The science of lichenology, or the study of lichens, has lagged behind other branches of botany, and many aspects of lichen biology are still shrouded with mystery. Then, on the lines below, describe what benefits the fungus and alga each derive from their association in the lichen. Department of agriculture, forest service, pacific northwest research station. Lichens are symbiotic organisms in which fungi and algae andor cyanobacteria form an intimate biological union. These four lessons were developed for use with high school students in a biology or ecology class. Lichen, any of about 15,000 species of thallophytic plantlike organisms that consist of a symbiotic association of algae usually green or cyanobacteria and fungi mostly ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. This resource includes two separate activities on lichens that can be used in your units on fungi or community ecology.
Protists and fungi set by maura bostwick neill, includes a study guide, crossword puzzle, word search and a matching pair puzzle. Lichens grow slowly and take a long time to cover an area. The fungal partner is usually an ascomycota and sometimes, a basidiomycete. Lichens are associations between fungi and cyanobacteria formerly called bluegreen algae. Biology 2e is designed to cover the scope and sequence requirements of a typical twosemester biology course for science majors. Lichens are highly valued ecological indicators known for their sensitivity. Describe the general appearance of a whole lichen and of the lichen under a microscope.
Lichen is derived from the greek word leprous and refers to medicine used for treatment of skin diseases because of their appearance as peeling skin schwendener dual nature. Class jungermanniidae gametophytes have leaves without costa midvein leaves inserted at angle to stem. Lichens are made up of two or more different organisms living together, a fungus and an alga. The lichens are shown to be extreme stress tolerators when compared with flowering plants. The photosynthetic partner is generally green algae or. Equilibrium in ecosystems understanding main ideas answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. Lichens have been used to monitor the amount of pollutants in an environment. A more specific definition of lichen from the international association for lichenology is. The main criteria for classification used by him include cell structure, thallus organisation, mode of. The first activity is an informational text and critical reading activity, and the second activity is a lab involving lichens.
Learning lichens with students powerpoint, tutorial for teachers. Crusty lichens leafy lichens bushy lichens leaflike lobes closely or. Reports of lichen growth rates range from less than a millimeter to a few centimeters annually, and. They may be pale or bright coloured and commonly occur in three forms. The kingdoms defined by him were named monera, protista, fungi, plantae and animalia. This diverse group is found in almost all terrestrial habitats from the tropics to polar regions.
Crusty lichens leafy lichens bushy lichens leaflike lobes closely or loosely attached to the bark from the lower surface. Examination of lichen literature takes us back to theophrastus, the disciple of plato and aristotle, who lived from 371 to 284 b. They are reported to be used for many purposes, including perfumes, dyes, spices, and medicines. Then they list two sources of heavy metal pollution in the environment. Notice that lichens are composed of an alga and a fungus.
This worksheet asks students to identify the different types of vertebrate groups, then place various animals in those categories. Explain how mutualism explains why lichens are able to survive on rocks. Difference between lichens, plants, and nonlichenized fungi lichens are fungi that develop and live in association with a green alga andor a cyanobacterium. Learn lichens biology 2 with free interactive flashcards. Page 1 page2 page 3 page 4 page 5 page 6 page 7 page 8 go. In this activity, students focus closely on lichen and get turned on to its different strange and interesting. Two lives in oneteachers guide minnesota conservation volunteer 3. Each of these strands is twisted around the other, forming a.
To collect lichens, first you must obtain permission to collect them from the landowner. They are able to dry out for long periods, and then quickly become active again when rehydrated. A colorful but often overlooked organism shows the power of. Cliffsnotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what youre studying, cliffsnotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. For this biology worksheet, 9th graders complete a sketch of the prepared lichen slide found under their compound microscope, labeling the algae cells and fungi tissue. A rapid growth in algae in a body of water with a great deal of sewage f. Julie has taught high school zoology, biology, physical science and chem tech. A worksheet that asks the students to draw a graph and draw conclusions about the effects of air pollution on the distribution of lichens. In terms of biological diversity, a walk from a mountains foot to its peak is.
Posters illustrating the relationship of air and water pollution to lichen survival, or symbiosis, may be an alternative to an essay. How do these organisms prepare the area for other species. Sporophyte has a transluscent stalk, capsule black and eggshaped. A dna molecule consists of two strands of mononucleotides. May 04, 2010 here i have a powerpoint to introduce lichens as pollution indicator species. The dynamics of life section focus transparencies use with chapter 17. Lichens are dual organisms or entities which contain a permanent association of a fungus or mycobiont and an alga or phycobiont. There is also a simple pdf identification guide for students to use to identify lichens aound the school or at home. The illustration below shows succession in an abandoned field. Lichen biology lichens are symbiotic organisms in which fungi and algae andor cyanobacteria form an intimate biological union.
Teachers guide for the young naturalists article lichens. Lichens and air pollution read the article the microbial world. Two lives in oneteachers guide minnesota conservation volunteer to find out what your students already know k about fungi, algae, and lichens. The cyanobacteria are the photosynthetic elements in the association, which is an example of mutualism a living arrangement where both partners benefit. Teachers guide to lichen lessons 14 usda forest service. Lichens are found worldwide and occur in a variety of environmental conditions. In this second edition, four completely new chapters cover recent developments in the study of these. Keywords practice questions appendix 1 biology a specification mapping appendix 2 biology b specification mapping. Performance assessment in the biology classroom alternate assessment in the science classroom computer test bank bdol interactive cdrom, chapter 3 quiz. Pinelands lichen ecology natalie howe graduate program in ecology and evolution department of ecology, evolution and natural resources rutgers, the state university of new jersey. The cortex is the outer layer of the lichen thallus. Antisulfur dioxide legislation in the last 25 years is allowing lichens to return to formerly polluted areas.
A colorful but often overlooked organism shows the power. As it is, it is suitable for ht but could be adapted to. A colorful but often overlooked organism shows the power of two. This terrible joke has helped me remember what two organisms make up. W hat organisms are usually the pioneer species in a new area. Lichens are able to withstand harsh conditions such as freezing, thawing, high light and intense heat. In the diagram of a lichen, label the alga and the fungus. Lichens are the mutualistic symbionts involving fungus and microalga andor a cyanobacterium. Definition, structure and reproduction with diagram. The ecology and biogeography of lichens follows patterns which are similar to those exhibited by plants. Lichen biology second edition edited by t h o m a s h. The general structure of a lichen is composed of layers of fungus and alga. About onequarter of all known fungi, worldwide, are lichenized. Crusty lichens are difficult to identify, so are not included in this survey.
The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. There once was a little patch of fungi that took a lichen pronounced liken to a beautiful batch of algae. Informational text and lab activity by amy brown science. The nine types of lichen in the opal air survey overleaf are all leafy or bushy. Organismal biology lichens, algae, mosses, and lower. Two lichens on a rock, in two different ecological niches. They can break apart a rock, crumbling it into new soil. This terrible joke has helped me remember what two organisms make up lichen.
Minilab 31 that take place in the communities of an ecosystem as succession suk seshun. Reproduction in lichens may be either sexual or vegetative asexual. This includes all of the worksheets in both pdf and doc format. They can feed snails and squirrels and birds and deer. Choose from 500 different sets of lichens biology 2 flashcards on quizlet. Here i have a powerpoint to introduce lichens as pollution indicator species. In this article we have compiled various notes on lichens. Within the lichens different ecological strategies can be determined that relate to both systematics and environment. Lichens are beautiful, especially when you view a lichendrenched douglasfir or a colorful crustcovered cliff, and up close when viewed under a handlens or. Fungal cells are different from animals cells in that they have a. They are diverse, adaptable, functional, and little understood. It is composed of a fungal partner mycobiont and one or more photosynthetic partners photobiont.
After reading this article you will have a basic idea about. Biology worksheets pdf download for children, biology printable worksheets for kids in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th grades. Lichens do not conform precisely to the usual biological classification categories as they are composed of two or more. Lichen bioindication of biodiversity, air quality, and climate. Photographs that can be laminated incase you cant find any suitable ones to bring in to school. Lichens are found in forests, the tundra, deserts, in tree canopies of tropical rain forests, on mountains and rocky shores. In fact, the most mysterious aspect of these plants, and the one basic to understand. Complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of fungi b. This lesson will define lichen, describe some common. Lichen identification guide this guide can be used for the opal air survey ramalina farinacea can be confused with usnea and evernia, but.
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