Marine seaweeds represent an abundant source of natural products and may harbour valuable chemicals. Sargassum is a genus of brown class phaeophyceae seaweed which is distributed throughout the temperate and tropical oceans of the world. Grazing on invaders could provide communities with resistance to algal invasions. New marine invasions have been recorded in dramatically increasing numbers along the worlds coasts, due, in part, to the global warming of the oceans and the ability of many successful invasive marine species to tolerate a broader thermal range than native species. In order to speculate about the demographic mechanisms that determine invasiveness of s. Marlin the marine life information network sargassum. Two of these localities were invaded at the end of the 1980. Sargassum muticum, were investigated monthly for 2 years in intertidal pools dominated by the native brown seaweed cystoseira humilis and by s. Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenesis effects. The species has mainly colonized the shallow subtidal level of sheltered shores and rock pools in the mid shore of sheltered and more exposed locations andrew and viejo, 1998. In the invaded range, sargassum muticum is found in rocky habitats in the shallow subtidal zone, with some populations extending into the lower intertidal zone on emergent rocks or as high as the midintertidal in tide pools. In japanese waters, where it originates, it is a relatively small, innocuous seaweed 12 m in length. Which demographic traits determine population growth in.
Guide to marine invaders sargassum muticum potential in the. The seaweed was imported into europe together with japanese oysters straight from asia or from canadian cultured ones contaminated with the seaweed. Samples of sargassum muticum, fucus vesiculosus and cystoseira nodicaulis were collected for identi. Circumglobal invasion by the brown seaweed sargassum muticum ah engelen, a serebryakova, p ang, k brittonsimmons, f mineur. Sargassum muticum is a conspicuous and successful invasive brown alga and several studies have investigated whether native herbivores feed less on s. Circumglobal invasion by the brown seaweed sargassum muticum by aschwin h. Other articles where sargassum muticum is discussed. Algal chemical defences, phlorotannins, were quantified as a proxy for topdownpressure, and these were compared with both native enemy diversity and timesince invasion. The chemical defences of the invasive alga sargassum.
The brown seaweed sargassum muticum is an invasive species to the coasts of the british isles, mainland europe and north america. Pdf first record of drifting sargassum muticum yendo. Timesinceinvasion increases native mesoherbivore feeding rates. Study on the health benefits of brown algae sargassum. The macroalgal assemblages at the low intertidal zone were studied at three localities on the north coast of spain between 1977 and 2002. Introduced algae form globally an increasing problem. On the cooccurrence of two exotic, invasive marine organisms.
Attempted control of the introduced brown seaweed, sargassum. Sargassum muticum is a large brown seaweed that forms dense monospecific stands. Shallow rockpools throughout the eulittoral zone on exposed to moderately exposed shores dominated by the brown seaweed sargassum muticum and the red seaweed corallina officinalis. Pdf complete mitochondrial genome of the invasive brown. The enemy release hypothesis predicts that nonindigenous species nis are released from natural enemies e. Sargassum muticum is an invasive brown seaweed that has recently found its way to the shores of ireland. Sargassum muticum, commonly known as japanese wireweed, is a large brown seaweed of the genus sargassum. Expansion of the invasive brown seaweed sargassum muticum resulted in the displacement of native. Its expansion along the european coasts is a case of welldocumented invasion. It grows attached to rocks by a perennial holdfast up to 5 cm in diameter.
Diversity effects on invasion vary with life history stage in. Results showed that the presence of the invader increased the rates of respiration and production, most likely as a result of the high biomass of the invader. Circumglobal invasion by the brown seaweed sargassum. Anticancer effects of different seaweeds on human colon. Muticum compared to 16 30% for commercially exploited brown algae critchley at et al. One of the most successful invaders along european coasts is the brown macroalga s.
Complete mitochondrial genome of the invasive brown alga sargassum muticum sargassaceae, phaeophyceae. From this holdfast the main axis grows to a maximum of 5 cm high. Sargassum in the gulf of mexico and the atlantic ocean mapped using meris. Aug 12, 2016 in order to explain the tremendous invasion success of the brown alga sargassum muticum, we compared the palatability and nutritional value of s. Sargassum seaweed is a brown alga, comprising mainly of two species sargassum natans and sargassum fluitans found in pelagic masses in the atlantic ocean.
It is an invasive seaweed with high growth rate up to 10 cm per day during spring. Invasion of sargassum muticum in intertidal rockpools. On the cooccurrence of two exotic, invasive marine. In recent years, drifting and inundating brown seaweed sargassum horneri biomass, called golden tides, has frequently drifted and accumulated along the southern coastlines of korea. Summer shifts of bacterial communities associated with the. I predicted that differences in the meiofaunal diversity, abundance, and community composition would be influenced by the morphological complexity and palatability of an alga. Sargassum muticum is a large brown seaweed of the class phaeophyceae. Guide to marine invaders sargassum muticum potential. In this study, we experimentally tested the food choice of mesoherbivores for native macroalgae versus the invader sargassum muticum.
Timesinceinvasion increases native mesoherbivore feeding rates on. Commercial exploration of this biomass for food, fuel. The chemical defences of the invasive alga sargassum muticum. Refining and expanding global climate change scenarios in. D sargassum muticum with overgrowth of filamentous brown algae, shal low subtidal. Sargassum muticum, wireweed university of washington. Outside this area, the species was first introduced in british columbia canada and subsequently spread both northwards and southwards, into wave. Sargassum muticum yendo, a species of brown algae called mojaban has been a favorite food for years as it is used for preparing momguk soup, a wellknown traditional seafood broth of jeju island, south korea. Albeit demonstrating polymorphism in the native range, microsatellites failed to detect any genetic variation over 1,269 individuals sampled from 46 locations over the pacificatlantic introduction range. Invasion of sargassum muticum in limfjorden denmark and its. Momguk is blessed with the abundance of various minerals, vitamins and dietary fibers. In order to assess whether chemical defence traits contribute to invasion success, antibacterial, antiquorum sensing, antidiatom, antilarval and antialgal properties were investigated for the following algae. It has an efficient dispersion thanks to its floats. Diversity effects on invasion vary with life history stage in marine macroalgae.
Its been piling up on the shores of south florida beaches by the truckloadmassive rafts of sargassum, a brownish seaweed that lives in the open ocean in some spots, the sargassum can reach as high as 2 feet, attracting insects, crabs and sea lice, trapping sea turtles, and forcing bathers to take a circuitous route around it to get to the water. Invader removal experiments were simultaneously conducted at three semiexposed rockyshores within a shoreline length of 200 km. Mobile epifauna inhabiting the invasive sargassum muticum and. Pedersen, francisco arenas, consolacion fernandez, henning steen, robin svenson, henrik pavia, gunilla toth, frederique viard and rui santos. Sargassum muticum, to determine the traits and processes important in marine invasions and to identify important lines of future research. Satellite images suggest a new sargassum source region in 2011. Observations of drifting specimens, collected in march 2015 and march and april 2017, suggest that this nonindigenous species has reached algerian waters.
Different feeding assays using artificial food with either freezedried algae or algal extracts and three dominant. At the colder water invasion sites sargassum muticum will display the pseudoperennial growth pattern that was described above. Understanding the invasion success of sargassum muticum. Other seaweeds within the biotope can be harvested to produce compounds used in a variety of. Ecological interactions between the brown seaweed sargassum muticum and its associated fauna. This study highlights the importance of enemy diversity in invasion ecology. The role of chemical antifouling defence in the invasion.
Thallus bushy, elongated, yellowishtawny to dark brown, generally to 4 m long plants to 16 m have been reported from brittany, but this is exceptions. The algae will grow its lateral branches in the spring, which will then last until. The epiphytic brown alga pylaiella littoralis was regularly observed on established s. Ecosystem functioning impacts of the invasive seaweed sargassum muticum fucales, phaeophyceae article in journal of phycology 501. Additionally, we compared our results between native and invaded macroalgal assemblages, using the invasive brown macroalga sargassum muticum yendo fensholt as a model species. Leaflike laminae and primary lateral branches grow from this stipe. Ecosystem functioning impacts of the invasive seaweed. Sargassum invasion in the caribbean marlin magazine. Although several reports have suggested that crude seaweed extracts have antiproliferative activity in cancer cell lines, most studies focused on their antioxidant activity. Some studies recently evaluated the effect of a brown seaweed sargassum muticum methanol extract smme on the proliferation of mcf7 and mdamb231 breast cancer cell lines by conducting morphological assessments of apoptosis, caspase assays, and chick chorioallantoic membrane cam assays. Study on the health benefits of brown algae sargassum muticum in volunteersshin young park 1, inn su seo 2, sun joo lee 3, sang pyung lee 4.
Populations of the invasive alga sargassum muticum were sampled along a timesince invasion tsi gradient to test the hypothesis that chemical defences would increase with tsi, and diversity of native mesoherbivores. We performed food choice experiments with common grazers gammarus insensibilis, hydrobia ulvae and stenosoma. The invasive seaweed sargassum muticum is abundant in this sheltered area in. Some shorelines have been hit so hard by the invasion of algae that. That is the case of the canopy species bifurcaria bifurcata that inhibits recruitment of sargassum muticum sanchez and fernandez, 2006, but it can be negatively affected by the invader when wellestablished viejo, 1997. Circumglobal invasion by the brown seaweed sargassum muticum article pdf available in oceanography and marine biology 53. Diversity effects on invasion vary with life history stage.
The japanese seaweed sargassum muticum yendo fensholt is reported for the first time from the algerian coasts in cherchell and sidi fredj, which are approximately 80 and 30 km, respectively, west of algiers. The sargassum watch system processes satellite data and feeds results to a web portal, giving decision makers timely information on seaweed location and. Circumglobal invasion by the brown seaweed sargassum muticum. The vital rates of one of the most successful invading seaweeds, sargassum muticum, were investigated monthly for 2 years in intertidal pools dominated by the native brown seaweed cystoseira humilis and by s. Pdf circumglobal invasion by the brown seaweed sargassum. It can accumulate high biomass and may quickly become a strong competitor for space and light. The overall biotic pressure on a newly introduced species may be less than that experienced within its native range, facilitating invasion. The origin and population genetic structure of the golden. Engelen, alexandra serebryakova, put ang, kevin britton simmons, frederic mineur, morten f. Dense sargassum muticum stands may reduce light, decrease flow, increase sedimentation and reduce ambient nutrient concentrations available for native kelp species. Most of the sargassum seaweed lies concentrated in the sargassum sea, a region in the middle of the north atlantic ocean surrounded by ocean currents. Pedersen, francisco arenas, consolacion fernandez, henning steen, robin svenson, henrik. The species is native from japan and was reported for the. Other brown seaweeds, including the kelp saccharina latissima, laminaria digitata and the wrack fucus serratus may occur along with dictyota dichotoma, but s.
A chronology of new european sites of attachment for the. It can be a welcome sight offshore, but once it makes its way closer to land, socking in the marinas or cutting off bays, beaches or any other coastal area, its a spreading, stinking decay of mess that has us scratching our heads and stomping our feet as we desperately search for answers. The brown alga sargassum muticum yendo fensholt is a conspicuous and successful invasive species originally from japan and china. The present study addresses the disentanglement of spatial and temporal shifts in seaweed associated bacterial communities among different seaweed structures using the pseudoperennial invasive brown seaweed sargassum muticum as a case study. The japanese seaweed sargassum muticum yendo fensholt is.
The mobile epifauna colonizing the invasive brown alga sargassum muticum yendo fensholt was compared with assemblages inhabiting two locally established seaweeds fucus vesiculosus l. The impact of the invasive seaweed sargassum muticum yendo fensholt phaeophyta, sargassaceae on tide pool macroalgal assemblages of northern spain was investigated between 2001 and 2004. The trophic significance of the invasive seaweed sargassum. The meiofaunal assemblage on the invasive brown alga, sargassum muticum, was compared to that on three native algal species. The present study is the first to report the antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenesis activities of extracts from the persian gulf brown sargassum muticum. Since introduction to british coastal waters in the early 1970s, populations of the brown seaweed sargassum muticum native to the northern pacific have increased rapidly, causing a number of recreational and ecological problems.
Circumglobal invasion by the brown seaweed sargassum muticum with aschwin h. In order to explain the tremendous invasion success of the brown alga sargassum muticum, we compared the palatability and nutritional value of s. International journal of ecology and environmental sciences. In the invaded range, sargassum muticum is found in rocky habitats in the shallow subtidal zone, with some populations extending into the lower intertidal zone on emergent. Sep 02, 2016 sargassum watch warns of incoming seaweed. The sargassum invasion of the eastern caribbean and dynamics of the equatorial north atlantic. Engelen, alexandra serebryakova, put ang, kevin brittonsimmons, frederic mineur, morten f. The japanese sargasso weed sargassum muticum was originally only found along the coasts of japan, russia, korea and china. The reproductive ecology of sargassum muticum at different latitudes.
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